[纵横拍卖] 9月20.纵横秋季百万拍卖会F [纵横拍卖] 9月25日,老藏家秋季百万专场E [纵横拍卖] 12月22日纵横冬季百万拍卖会B [纵横拍卖] 百项钱币130场,12月25日圣诞节开拍
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九加五 [离]




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2010-07-27 09:18 查看作者资料 发送短消息 引用回复这个帖子 60 楼

Bertsch先生是在9月1日給我來信的, 當時他並未看到圖錄, 只*看我在網上傳給他的圖片。 ]
Bertsch先生信中提到不能肯定圖錄編號130是否開門, 編號344是1954年的鑄幣, 是用作第二次發放給喇嘛。資料來自中國錢幣一刊。 編號39和編號818已經收入他自己的藏品。相信他現在已經看過圖錄了。
[Rhodes先生是英國學者, 他在11月17日黃昏時收到我寄給他的圖錄,翌日早上來信給我。]
Rhodes先生認為尹兄的書是一本很好的書。 (以下為第一人稱) 最好的是書中豐富地羅別了在中國的西藏鑄幣. 中國西藏錢幣圖錄實際上可能是目前世界上可見的藏幣最佳書刊了, 請代我傳達恭賀至尹先生。
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2010-07-27 09:19 查看作者资料 发送短消息 引用回复这个帖子 61 楼

在書中, 我發現其中幾種藏幣是我从未見過的, 亦有一些藏幣版別我是沒有留意的。 看來我現在可以開始找尋它們了。
自然地, 我亦可以指出在圖錄中一些微少的地方,是可以改進的。例如:尹先生或者有興趣知道編號7極可能是一枚30年代在上海鑄造的偽幣(同類幣還包括有金, 銀, 紅銅和黃銅幾種) 。我亦相信編號46, 62, 91, 133,163和164是類似的上海和北京在20世紀鑄造的偽幣. (我藏有其他類似的同種偽幣, 我也曾見過採用較後期皇帝銘像的偽品)。編號380是一枚1968年在尼泊爾鑄造的偽幣, 我藏有一枚偽模複製樣本。 編號739,740和741是在1925年至1927年間在印度加爾各答鑄的偽品, 我藏有幾枚1927年時用作是案証物的偽品試鑄品.
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2010-07-27 09:20 查看作者资料 发送短消息 引用回复这个帖子 62 楼

我可以告訴尹先生, 有些樣本是我从未見过的, 如編號79, 130 (Rhodes說他一定要盡力獲得這枚幣的滿文翻譯) 260, 275,283, 330, 343, 387, 627, 677 (一枚奇畏的錢幣, 我同意: 它需要一個較深入的探討。) 編號788(一枚我从未見的合面幣, 兩邊的銘文是同樣的清楚, 我懷疑是否是兩枚錢幣的背粘在一起。) 編號791可能是一枚1927年加爾各答鑄的偽幣。
我想我或者有一些新的意見, 若經過一個較細緻的閱讀。 但是即使是這些, 已經令我覺得圖錄是需要認真地閱讀。 相反地, 我曾經有, 或者是曾經見到的藏幣, 只有極少數尹先生是沒有羅列出來。
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2010-07-27 09:41 查看作者资料 发送短消息 引用回复这个帖子 63 楼

转发这个帖子,目的只有一个,学习别人严谨的治学精神。同时告知诸位先学和后学,不是书中载入的物品就是真品,就不可以探讨......

究其原因,还是在下前面提到的,不问究竟,自己已经收藏了一些伪币,本可以自欺.......,为什么要搞明白呢?
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错加错 [离]




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2010-07-27 15:48 查看作者资料 发送短消息 引用回复这个帖子 64 楼

好资料,币有些,但没有研究,收藏了,谢谢!
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gogolf [离]




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2010-07-28 12:42 查看作者资料 发送短消息 引用回复这个帖子 65 楼

The First Gold Coin of Tibet
By Nicholas Rhodes and Alexander B Lissanevitch

It is well known that during the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, no coins were struck in Tibet, but Nepalese coins circulated widely in the urban areas(1). Because of the ease of handling, these Nepalese coins became very popular among Tibetans, and became worth significantly more than their intrinsic bullion value. Indeed, on several occasions in the early eighteenth century, the Tibetan authorities, rather than strike silver coins of their own, sent bullion to Nepal and received Nepalese coins in exchange. The exchange was made on a weight for weight basis, but as the Nepalese coins were only between 50% and 67% fine, the Nepalese were able to make significant profit.
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2010-07-28 12:46 查看作者资料 发送短消息 引用回复这个帖子 66 楼

In about 1750AD, the situation changed when Prithvi Narayan, the king of Gorkha, started to besiege the Kathmandu Valley. He closed the passes, and stopped any trading between the Newar kingdoms of the Valley and the outside world, including Tibet. As a result, the supply of coins in Tibet stagnated, but the demand did not stop increasing. As a result, the Tibetan authorities, for the first time, started striking their own coins.

According to Chinese sources, the Tibetans struck coins for the first time in 1763/4AD, when the Demo Regent issued coins, and again in 1785 AD(2) when the Dalai Lama issued coins, before a more regular coinage began in 1791 AD. Until now, all the Tibetan coins attributed to this period were of silver, of varying degree of fineness(3), but after having heard rumors for several years, we are delighted to be able to report the existence of an example struck in gold.
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gogolf [离]




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2010-07-28 12:47 查看作者资料 发送短消息 引用回复这个帖子 67 楼

图片:


Obv: Legend Sri Mangalam (the exact transliteration is sri mam ga lam) in four compartments arranged in a cross design (4).
Rev: Legend dGa-ldan phyod-las rnam-par rgyal-ba (meaning “dGa-ldan, completely victorious in all directions”) in eight petals around a wheel design.
Diam.28mm? ? Wt.6.53g? ? A.Lissanevitsch collection.


[ 此贴被gogolf在2010-07-28 13:10重新编辑 ]
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gogolf [离]




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2010-07-28 12:47 查看作者资料 发送短消息 引用回复这个帖子 68 楼

The coin is illustrated above, and is struck with the same dies as one of the known varieties of silver tankas, but this is one of the very rarest of all Tibetan silver coins. We have of only six examples of these silver ‘Sri Mangalam’ tankas. They are struck from two different obverse dies and four different reverse dies, so they must have been originally produced in significant numbers. The four different varieties are illustrated below, showing weights and locations of the six confirmed examples. The authors have also heard of two other specimens, both in private collections in Nepal, but we believe that they are probably struck with the same dies as coin no.3 below.

The reverse legend on the coins refers to the dGa’-ldan palace, the official traditional residence of the Dalai Lamas, Located in the Drepung monastery near Lhasa; so this is almost certainly the type of coin struck by the 8th Dalai Lama in the 29th year of the reign of the emperor Qian Long, equivalent to 1785AD. The obverse legend, Sri Mangalam, means ‘auspicious’, “lucky’ or ‘fortunate’ in Sanskrit, and may have a similar significance to the Eight Lucky Signs (Asta Mangalam in Sanskrit) which appear on so many later Tibetan coin[5].One reason for the rarity of these early tangkas may be the high silver content[6],which resulted in most specimens being melted, rather than circulating along side the debased
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2010-07-28 12:52 查看作者资料 发送短消息 引用回复这个帖子 69 楼

Nepalese coins that were current at the time. Coin no.4 has the word ‘rnam’ on the reverse, written with the nasal diacritical anusvara rather than the letter ‘ma’, a very unusual form when writing a Tibetan word, rather than a word derived from Sanskrit. This error in calligraphy may have resulted in this die being rejected and destroyed before it wore out through natural use.

While it is surprising to find an example struck in gold, it is not tatally unexpected, as gold is available in Tibet and versions of silver coins struck in gold are known is Nepal from the mid eighteenth century [7]. Such gold coins may have been struck for presentation purposes, rather than primarily for circulation, although we cannot rule out the possibility that they may have been intended as high denomination coins. What is particularly interesting about this earliest Tibetan gold coin is that is weighs 6.53g, compared with the silver coins, which all weigh about 5.3g. No other coin of Tibet was struck to this standard, and it is not a well-known weight standard of the region. However, this is the weight referred to by a few authors as a Tibetan Miscal, which is variously stated to be 50% more than the normal Miscal[8], or one and a sixth ‘Mahendra-malli’[9]. In fact, as can be seen from the weights of the actual coin, the ratio is not exactly 7/6. However, we must consider that in Tibet, since most silver bullion was imported from China in the form of
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gogolf [离]




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2010-07-28 12:53 查看作者资料 发送短消息 引用回复这个帖子 70 楼

silver ingots, the most common weight standard for silver was the Chinese Treasury Ounce, or Kuping Tael, called a Srang in Tibet, which was theoretically equal to 6 2/3 ‘Mahendra-malli’. Hence, using the theoretical ‘Mahendra-malli’ as the base, and taking the Kuping Tael to be approximately 37.3g, the Tibetan gold Miscal should weigh 6.53g, the exact weight of this gold coin. If this explains the weight of the coin, it is interesting that the theoretical standard was not reduced slightly the cover the cost of striking , as was done for the silver coin. The average weight of the known silver coins is almost exactly 95% of the weight of the theoretical ‘Mahendra-malli’, which should be 5.6g. Whether the gold coin was debased to cover the minting costs is not yet known, as we have not had the gold content analysed. Two examples of the silver coins have been analysed as 95% and 98% fine so, in the case of the silver coins, less attempt was made to cover mintage costs through debasement that through weight reduction, as the reduced fineness is probably more to do with impurities and imperfect refining techniques that to intentional debasement.

While almost all coins struck in Tibet for the next century were of silver, one more eighteenth century gold coin has been reported. A gold striking of the Sino-Tibetan coin struck in the 58th year of the Qian Long Emperor has been found in Lhasa, and is apparently in the collection of the Norbu
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2010-07-28 12:54 查看作者资料 发送短消息 引用回复这个帖子 71 楼

Lingka palace[10],but we have not been able to secure a good photograph of this piece or to take its weight.

Our thanks to Wolfgang Bertsch for some valuable suggestions in the preparation of this article.


[1] C.f.Rhodes, Gabrisch and Valdettaro, The coinage of Nepal, London:Royal Numismstic Society,1989
[2] C.f. the report of General E-Hui, in the Qing Ding Guo Er Ka ji Lue, Chapter XIII, reprinted Lhasa 1986, with introduction by Wu Fengpei.
[3] Rhodes,N.G., ‘The First Coins Struck in Tibet’, The Tibet Journal, Dharamsala, Vol.XV, no4, Winter 1990, pp.115-34.
[4] Thisdesign isderived from the silver tanka of Mahipatendra Malla, King of Kathmandu, who ruled c1669AD.C.f.Rhodes, Gabrisch and Valdettaro, op.cit.1989,Plate 15,no.266.
[5] One of the seals used by the Panhen Lama has the word Mangalam written is the Lantsa script,so often used in Tibet for writing such Sanskrit mantras. On the coins the legend is in the dbu can script andhas the honorific sri. On both the coin and the seal the consonant “m” which closes the first and the third syllable of this word are written with the “anusvara”, the nasal diacritical mark. However, the mere fact that both
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2010-07-28 16:49 查看作者资料 发送短消息 引用回复这个帖子 72 楼

gogolf老师的这篇回复,是发给知音听的。

在下只能望洋兴叹!这样好听一些。其实真实的感觉是您在“对牛弹琴”!这“牛”,仅指在下,不包括任何看得懂的人.......
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九加五 [离]




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2010-07-28 17:00 查看作者资料 发送短消息 引用回复这个帖子 73 楼

没有想触动任何人,这就是前述中所说的“讳莫如深”,探讨是建立在公平、公正的基础上的,既然不能拿出客观的历史依据,就没有探讨的意义了!

至于喜欢该金币的收藏家,在下想,还是搞清楚来龙去脉的好。因为有这样的专文探讨能够提升其知名度,这应该是不争的事实!
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九加五 [离]




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2010-07-28 17:31 查看作者资料 发送短消息 引用回复这个帖子 74 楼

图片:


先举一个民国17年“甘肃省造”孙像党徽银币辨伪实例大家看看。

真币因冲压力充足,图案文字清晰可辨;孙像比例协调,双目炯炯有神;“甘”字略为倾斜,左低右高,笔画方折处略含圆润,其他几个字的方折处也有同样的特征;“中”字竖笔端直;蒙文饱满,书写自然;内齿珠通过直齿连接边廓,制作规整,分布均匀。
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九加五 [离]




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2010-07-28 17:38 查看作者资料 发送短消息 引用回复这个帖子 75 楼

图片:


按照真币仿铸的假币,图案文字肤浅,得其形似,缺失之意蕴。有经验的泉家可以识别。
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九加五 [离]




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2010-07-28 17:48 查看作者资料 发送短消息 引用回复这个帖子 76 楼

图片:


图片:


假币则因冲压力不足,图案虚浮;正面文字大于真币而孙像小于真币,孙像头部上方两侧肥于真币,右耳较大,双目大而无神,耳部及下领等处均有异于真币;“甘”字不倾斜,笔画转折处过于方折而显得生硬;“中”字竖笔倾斜;蒙文细弱变形,疲软无力;内齿珠没有直齿,直接和边廓连接,制作不规整。

这枚假币反映的是制作者的造型能力问题,对于仿刻不清的地方强加的修模痕迹,特别是头发的处理,眼睑的加重,耳朵的实线,均超出了正常具有造型能力的雕刻者,所应具备的专业知识范围......

在常人看来,属于“一眼假”。
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九加五 [离]




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2010-07-28 17:50 查看作者资料 发送短消息 引用回复这个帖子 77 楼

图片:


图片:


并列的比较
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2010-07-28 17:58 查看作者资料 发送短消息 引用回复这个帖子 78 楼

图片:


图片:


图片:


并列比较,这是建立在标型学基础上的比较,一目了然!
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九加五 [离]




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2010-07-28 18:01 查看作者资料 发送短消息 引用回复这个帖子 79 楼

图片:


图片:


再做近距离的比较,可能更能掌握这一方法。
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